The Economic Archives constitute the largest single set of materials in the Archives’ collection, and include the records of the Commerce Ministry (1903-1906), the Ministry of Agriculture & Commerce (1913-1927), and from various economic offices since the Kuomintang Government retreated to Taiwan. These are the most important primary source materials on the economic development of China and Taiwan during the modern era.

Individually donated records cover areas in politics, economics, scholarship and culture, such as the paper of Lei Zhen and Kwoh-ting Li, etc. These are all historical materials essential to the study of development of modern China and Taiwan after World War II.

The collections include Maps of China, Maps of China Provinces, Maps of Waterways, Maps of the World, etc. Most of these maps were made in the 1930s. The Archives also holds numerous maps, such as diplomatic boundary maps, mining maps, etc., attached to the Diplomatic and Economic Records. Some of these maps are extremely valuable originals drawn by hand.